Showing posts with label irish diaspora. Show all posts
Showing posts with label irish diaspora. Show all posts

Irish Journey's. Part 1: Newport - A Cyclist's Paradise

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Tourism is presently worth circa €5 billion annually to the Irish economy and will increase substantially in importance if the correct interlinked policies are put in place.
Whilst many overseas tourists come to Ireland to attend business conferences or stags/hen parties in Dublin, Cork or other cities, nevertheless viable sustainable alternatives are being developed primarily in the rural areas that will once again entice in travellers interested in experiencing the sights and sounds of the countryside or to re-connect with the land of their forefathers.
I went to experience one such project in county Mayo that has in its short history become one of the state’s fastest growing tourist attractions as well as acting as a template for others to emulate.

An Atlantic Greenway
Old Railway Bridge
The Great Western Greenway presently goes from Newport to Achill but is being extended to Westport and hopefully onto Clifden where ambitious proposals to re-develop the old railway line to Galway city will link into other major ‘green corridors’ in east Galway (that I am involved with) thus creating a vast walking and cycling network that could dramatically increase the public’s participation and understanding of eco-tourism, making it mainstream in the process. 
Walking and cycling through the vast wilderness and farmlands that exist in the West of Ireland should make people appreciate the beauty of nature and the urgent need to safeguard wildlife habitats such as bogs, mountains, hedgerows, wetlands and meadows are under serious threat from human encroachmen.

Tourism in Ireland: Short History
From the second half of the 19th century until the last two decades, the majority of foreign tourists traditionally travelled here to enjoy the country’s green and pleasant rural land and seascapes.

Ireland came to international prominence as a tourist destination when Queen Victoria visited in 1861 and stayed amongst the lakes and mountains of Killarney in country Kerry. With the construction of a network of 2,000 miles of railways by the 1890s, the wealthy aristocracy and gentry of Europe started to arrive in this part of the British Empire to enjoy the scenery, fishing, fox hunting and game shooting. 

From the 1930s, Irish governments quite successfully promoted the clean idyllic Irish countryside into Britain and to the Irish Diaspora in the USA.
Sadly the Celtic Tiger’s mad rush to modernity destroyed much of our natural heritage leaving us with a legacy of urban sprawl, a huge countrywide network of so-called ‘once-off housing’, hundreds of derelict estates, polluted waterways, a private car based transport infrastructure, intensive agriculture that poisoned our native insects and wildlife, and the disappearance of bogs, hedgerows and dry stone walls all in the name of ‘progress’.
Much of Ireland’s renowned tranquillity disappeared under a layer of concrete, tarmac, lighting and man-made noises.
This process even transformed our individual personalities changed as we became a lot more selfish, more aggressive and a lot less friendly.

Re-awakening of a Sense of Place & Community
But thankfully there is now a growing awareness across different strata of society from local communities to national government that the island’s natural and social heritage is something that is worth saving. Though the reasons may vary amongst the different groupings , nevertheless most of their aspirations are progressive, including: the development of high value eco tourism markets (from outdoor sporting activities to walking tours); the preservation of our cultural traditions and the protection of our indigenous biodiversity. There are also economic and societal side benefits such as improving personal health and fitness, as a source of clean renewable energies, leisure amenities, herbal medicines and organic farm produce.
Over the last few years, visionary individuals in local authorities are working closely with community, educational and environmental groups all across Ireland to create exciting sustainable rural projects that will increase public access to the countryside without damaging its beauty or its wildlife habitats.
For instance, under the auspices of Marie Mannion, the council’s energetic Heritage Officer, Galway is dotted with over hundred ‘Golden Mile’ routes that are maintained and developed by local communities, promoting the history and natural wildlife of the areas.  
  
Mayo Shows the Way Forward
One of the most interesting sustainable projects in recent years has been the development of the Great Western Greenway in county Mayo which has became a template for the rest of the country to emulate.


This world class route (Westport - Achill) that opened in 2011 is a 43.5km traffic free cycling and walking facility which follows closely the abandoned Great Western Midlands Railway that closed in 1937. The project is coordinated by Anne O’Connor walking and cycling development officer (probably Ireland’s only such officer!) at Mayo County Council who has managed to achieve what was thought impossible: the agreement of local landowners to allow permissive access to the public to pass through their lands.



This route offers gentle gradients and some of the most idyllic scenery in the west of Ireland. The route forms part of the National Cycle Network and it is the longest off road cycling experience in the Country.

Transforming an abandoned Railway into a vibrant Greenway
Railway Bridge, Newport


The Newport / Mulranny railway formed part of the once famous Westport / Achill Railway. This railway was one of the so-called ‘Balfour Lines’, called after Arthur J. Balfour, Chief Secretary for Ireland During the years 1887-91, who introduced the Light Railways (Ireland) Act which provided state assistance for the construction of narrow gauge lines to disadvantaged areas such as West Mayo. The first station on this extension was Newport which opened in February 1894, followed by Mullranny in August of the same year. The line to Achill was completed in May 1895.

Individual towns and villages prospered with the arrival of the Great Western and Midland Railway Company. The luxurious Great Western Hotel opened at
Mullranny in 1897 and a combined rail and hotel ticket was available.

There were high hopes for its future and it proved to be a great social and economic asset to West Mayo. Unfortunately traffic never consistently reached the levels originally anticipated. Development of road traffic in the 1930’s sealed the fate of the line. The last train ran in the autumn of 1937, only 42 years after the line had opened.

Today the section of the line between Newport and Mulranny with its fine engineering structures, gentle gradients and outstanding scenery has been converted into an off road walking and cycling route – a fitting reminder to the glorious railway era.



Newport: A Cyclist’s Paradise
Blue Bicycle Tea Rooms, Newport
The result is that Newport is the cyclists’ capital of Ireland. I was pleasantly surprised at the economic vibrancy and civic pride that is flowing through the town. 
Restaurants, bike rentals and lodgings are springing up to service this new transport market; information signage is strategically placed; well maintained playgrounds parks and walking routes are in situ; historical buildings and streets are being tastefully spruced up. 
Newport is surrounded by a lush countryside of oceanic bays, lakes, rivers, mountains, wetlands and farmlands that the tourist can now enjoy through by walking or cycling.
I noticed some families and groups hiring bikes from local renal shops whilst others brought their own attached to motorized vehicles that they parked near or in the town.
The Greenway is also becoming a popular destination for charities organising fund-raising through cycling events.
Taking the Greenway from Newport to Mullraney. I met many families and single older people on route that were truly enjoying the experience as the terrain is almost entirely flat.

 Upon completion, I left Newport with a nice feeling of satisfaction, knowing that I had seen a benign future and thus inspired to re-double my efforts working with others to put in place a Greenways network in Galway city.

Obama in Ireland. Truly Inspiring Speech. Pity He Displays Political & Morale Cowardice on the Palestinian Queston


"Is feidir linn!"
A truly Inspiring speech by Barack O'Bama that must have put a smile on the faces and a steely determination into the hearts of every person in the the huge crowds that came to see him in Dublin.
"...Ireland, if anyone ever says otherwise, if anybody ever tells you that your problems are too big, or your challenges are too great, that we can't do something, that we shouldn't even try - think about all that we've done together. Remember that whatever hardships the winter may bring, springtime is always just around the corner. And if they keep on arguing with you, just respond with a simple creed: Is féidir linn. Yes, we can

He reminded us that Ireland's centuries-long fight against occupation, tyranny and for the cause of liberty inspired peoples and nations across the world, none more so than in the USA.
"..When we strove to blot out the stain of slavery and advance the rights of man, we found common cause with your struggles against oppression. Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave and our great abolitionist, forged an unlikely friendship right here in Dublin with your great liberator, Daniel O'Connell...".

He helped us realise as we face the despondency brought about by economic and political crisis of today's Ireland, that the darkest hour is just before the dawn "..Remember that whatever hardships the winter may bring, springtime is always just around the corner. And if they keep on arguing with you, just respond with a simple creed: Is féidir linn. Yes, we can...." .

Sadly Obama in the last few days has failed to live up to his own words, caving into tyranny as he demonstrated political cowardice and dashed the hopes of millions in the Middle East and elsewhere when he backtracked on his public statement of Thursday last when he said that Israel must withdraw from the West Bank to its 1967 borders to allow for a final peace settlement. On Sunday though he stated the 1967 borders are a starting block for negotiations, that land swaps can occur, that Israel is a Jewish state, that USA will block attempts by the Palestinians to secure recognition at the United Nations for an independent Palestine. Obama, as with other US Presidents over the last five decades, is under the powerful and anti-democratic financial and political influence of the US pro-Israeli Jewish lobby

What Did the Irish Ever Do for Chile?


As stated in my previous article on the 'An Irishman's Guide to the History of the World- 'The Americas' , brave freedom-loving Irish played an influential role in the liberation movements of at least nine American countries as they helped defeat nasty Spanish, English and other European imperialists.


First President of Chile
No Irish contribution in Latin America is more notable than in Chile where Bernardo O’Higgins, the illegitimate son of an Irishman, became the first president of the country when it was declared an independent republic in February 1818.
Chilean towns, roads and ships are named after those Irishmen who contributed to Chilean’s struggle for nationhood.

2010 - Joint Chilean & Irish Stamps Honour Irish Heroes of the Chilean War of Liberation
In October, 2010, Ireland and Chile issued stamps to commemorate the bicentenary of the beginning of the struggle for Chilean Independence. The stamps honour two men with Irish backgrounds who played a crucial role in the quest for Chile’s liberation - Bernardo O’Higgins and John (Juan) MacKenna.


Irish Drill Used To Rescue Trapped Miners
Coincidentally in the same month(oct), proof that the benign influence of Ireland towards this Latin Amerian country still exists was shown by the fact that the drill head used to miraculously rescue the 33 trapped miners in the Atacama desert in October 2010 was made by an Irish engineering company (Mincon) based at Shannon in Co. Clare.

Bernardo O’Higgins: Liberator & Democrat
Bernardo’s most famous victory was at the Battle of El Roble in 1813 when he heroically led a cavalry charge that routed superior Imperial forces. His rousing speech to his troops before the attack has become legendary. Shouting “Lads! Live with Honour or Die with Glory! The one who is brave is the one who follows me!” Riding by his side that day was another Irishman John (Don Juan) MacKenna from Monaghan who was Commander in Chief of Artillery & Engineers in the revolutionary army & later commander of Santiago.
Spain soon sent further reinforcements to the country, inflicting a series of defeats on the rebel army forcing the remnants to take sanctuary in Argentina. O’Higgins returned in 1817 with an invasion force jointly commanded with Argentinean hero José de San Martin which overthrew the Spanish within the year .

San Martin's Irish Officers
The rebel leader José San Martin had many Irish aide-de-camp in his service, including Thomond O’Brien from Wicklow who served by his side in all his major wars across South America including in the Chilean campaign.


Irish Origins of Chilean Navy
That other great liberationist, Simon Bolivar, also participated in the Chilean independence struggle and was brought to that country in the ship Chimbarazo commanded by another Irishman, Charles Wright from Drogheda in Co. Louth, who himself achieved legendary status for his naval exploits and later founded the Ecuadorian navy.

Bernardo O’Higgins had the foresight to establish a Chilean navy recognising that, without it, victories on land would be meaningless if the surrounding seas were controlled by the enemy. In his own words "This victory and a hundred more will be insignificant if we do not dominate the sea."
He commissioned an ex-British navy officer George O’Brien from Ireland to establish a navy.
The first ship the patriots secured was a royalist ship Aguila taken in Valparaíso by a boarding party led by Raymond Morris, an Irish officer of San Martín's army who had served in the British Navy. He was appointed her captain. With a contingent of 25 soldiers (Chile's first marine corp), Morris sailed to Juan Fernández where the crew daringly rescued rebel prisoners held in the town.
The 'O'Brien' Chilean Submarine

O'Brien was the first Chilean naval officer killed in action when he led a boarding party from the Lautaro against the Spanish frigate Esmeralda that was blockading Valparaíso.
The Chilean navy still commissions ships in his honour.


O'Higgins - Too Radical for Conservative Nobility
Unlike some of his fellow more conservative isolationist landowning Chilean revolutionaries, O’Higgins possessed strong liberal democratic ideals and fought for the liberation of all South America from colonial rule. He abolished titles of nobility and expelled Santiago’s royalist archbishop. Such radical reforms alienated him from the aristocratic elite who forced his abdication and exile from Chile in 1823.


An Irishman - Latin America's Most Powerful Ruler
Bernardo’s father Ambrosio (Ambrose) O'Higgins was the most powerful representative of Spanish Imperial rule on the continent, being Viceroy of Peru and governor of Chile. He was born in Sligo 1720, the son of a tenant farmer. Like many Irish in an Ireland experiencing a brutal British colonial occupation where Irish Catholics were treated as an inferior subjugated peoples and denied basic human rights, Ambrose was sent as a young man to Spain where educational and career opportunities existed for Irish Catholics.



Established First Transcontinental Postal Service
In 1756 he emigrated to South America, initially working as a trader before taking an engineering position with the Spanish Imperial Service. Ambrosio made a deep impression on the continent establishing its first reliable postal service, that linked once isolated Chilean colonies with the city of Buenos Aires via a chain of weatherproof shelters built across the inhospitable terrains of the Andes mountains.


Irish Governor Of Valdivia
His big breakthrough came when the military governor of Valdivia in Chile, another Irishman John Garland, convinced him to be his assistant. In the late 1780s, Ambrosio was named Governor General of Chile and began a remarkable social and economic transformation of what was formerly a backwater colony by building roads (including between Santiago and Valparisso) and cities most notably San Ambrosio de Ballenary. Ballenary was an aristocratic title bestowed on him by a gracious Spanish king, probably in recognition of his birthplace of ‘Ballinary’ in Co/ Sligo Ireland.

Friend of Native Indians & Landless Peasants
Ambrosio was an enlightened ruler, establishing roads, towns, libraries and markets and abolished the repressive encomienda feudal system whereby native lands and peoples were granted to Spanish colonists to do with as they wished.


MacKenna: Rebel Commander-in-Chief
John MacKenna, from Monaghan, was a close friend of both Ambrosio and Bernardo and was a key figure in Chile’s struggle for freedom, becoming Commandant General of the rebel army and credited most notably with an important victory over superior Imperial forces at Membrillo.
Similar to O’Higgins senior, he left Ireland for Spain before serving in the Spanish military. Ambrosio made him governor of Osorno in southern Chile, where he used his engineering skills to rebuild the ruined city.
After a coup d'etat by a faction led by José Carrera in 1814, he went into exile to Argentina with O’Higgins and was killed there soon after by José’s brother in a duel in Buenos Aires


Lynch: "Last Viceroy of Peru"
Born in 1824, Rear Admiral Patricio Javier de los Dolores Lynch was a Chilean naval hero who played a leading role in Chile's war against Peru in 1880-1881. He was appointed Supreme Military and Political Commandant of Peru during the occupation period and is often referred to at the "Last Viceroy of Peru". He was though denounced for his harsh rule and was condemned by many leading liberal politicians of the time including the prominent Chilean-Irish writer Benjamin MacKenna.
Since his death, the Chilean navy has always had a ship 'Almirante Lynch' in service.

Lynch: Galway to Chile via Argentina
Lynch was the son of Estanislao Lynch y Roo who had served with San Martin's Army of the Andes. He was originally from Argentina and was the son of Patrick Lynch from Galway who came to Buenos Aires in the 1740s.
Another descendant of Patrick was Che Guevara, the Argentinean-born hero of the Cuban Revolution. Che's father was Ernesto Guevara Lynch.


Benjamin MacKenna - Liberal Politician & Writer
One of Chilean's most well known writers, journalists and historians is Benjamín Mackenna, grandson of General Juan (John) MacKenna, hero of the Chilean War of Independence. During his lifetime he also served as mayor of Santiago and Chilean ambassador to the United States.
Benjamin lived in exile for many years after participating in the failed liberal revolution of 1851. Captured and imprisoned, he escaped disguised as a woman (shades of Eamon De Valera in his exit from an English prison in 1919!). Whilst abroad, he visited his ancestral homeland of Ireland.


Irish Sanctuary for Chileans Fleeing Pinochet Persecution
In a country where the Irish legacy has been one of liberation, freedom, justice, democracy and egalitarianism, it is only natural that refugees from Chile fleeing the Pinoche's military junta in the 1970s were granted asylum status in Ireland. Though their numbers were small, nevertheless their influence was noticeable in the contemporary student union movement, in left wing politics and amongst liberation theologians in the Irish Catholic Church

See also my articles on
What Did the Irish Ever Do for Austria?
What Did the Irish Ever Do for India/Pakistan?

What Did the Irish Ever Do for Americas/Mexico?

Dearth of Gaelic Culture in Galway's St. Patrick's Day Parade

Copy of my letter that was printed in the Galway Independent newspaper

This year's St Patrick's Day Parade was a great success at many different levels. The welcome return of the school bands, the pageantry, the huge friendly crowds and, of course, the fine weather made for an enjoyable afternoon.

So well done to the organisers!
But there was a surprising dearth of traditional Irish music, dance and drama in the event that was commented on by locals and tourists alike. Visitors were treated to a wonderful eclectic mix of African singers, Chinese dancers, Scottish pipers, American cops, Indian fashion, Hare Krishna chants and smiling flag wavers from new Christian groups that reached a finale in a fine display of Breton folk music in front of the official review stand.

But, in a Galway city/county that prides itself on being the cultural capital of Ireland, that is promoted as the custodian of so many aspects of Gaelic culture and is the birthplace of the sean-nos dancing Mulkerrin Brothers who won the 'All-Ireland Talent Competition' only two days previously, there is something seriously wrong when Gaelic culture finds so little expression in our annual national parade.

Promoting our membership of the 'Global Village' and the ethnic traditions of recent arrivals from other lands should, of course, be encouraged, commended and continued. But it would be wrong in the process to sideline a Gaelic culture that has for millennia been that of the majority of the Irish people.

The world has an appetite for traditional Irish Celtic music, drama and dance that has only increased over the last few decades. We in Galway should not ignore this and disappoint those who travel from distant parts to take part in what they expect to be a celebration of Ireland’s heritageHaving a St Patrick's Day Parade without this cultural input is akin to the Rio de Janeiro Carnival without its Samba Schools. For centuries the parade was nurtured by our Irish diaspora in order to keep the national identity alive in a time when the indigenous population was threatened by colonisation, war, oppression, famine and poverty. But participation from other ethnic groups with proud heritages is nothing new.

For instance, many Indians marched in the 1920 New York Parade that was reviewed by Eamon DeValera, some carrying large banners emblazoned with messages such as '315,000,000 of India with Ireland to the Last' and 'President De Valera's Message to India: Our cause is a common cause.'

I have sent a letter on this issue to the Mayor and Manager of Galway City. I also requested them to consider henceforth sending invitations to representatives of local schools, community and voluntary groups to fill the many empty seats noticeable in this year’s Review Stand as well as to lobby for the closure of the off-licences on 17 March. The public displays of urination, vomiting and verbal harassment, particularly from under-age drinkers on our streets and in our parks after the parade last Tuesday, was a frightening experience for families and others endeavouring to enjoy our national holiday.